![]() A key area for future research will be to use different anticipatory methods with diverse stakeholders specifically on the subject of autonomous robots in agriculture. ![]() This is done in anticipatory governance approaches, for example. One further method to consider is backcasting, which involves building an (ideal) future scenario, and working backwards to identify the steps needed to get to there. Video studies are also often employed 20, where participants are presented with recordings of robot behaviour and assess it from a third-person perspective. A typical methodology in robotics and human–robotic interaction are ‘Wizard of Oz’ studies 19, where autonomy is ‘fake’ robots are usually remote-controlled, anticipating the abilities they may have once fully implemented. Other anticipatory processes include ‘horizon scanning’ (scanning data sources to detect early developments 16) and ‘socio-literary techniques’ (using science fiction as a tool to encourage dialogue about technology futures 17, possibly through ‘Ag-Tech movie nights’ 18). Foresight is also used to elucidate future benefits and challenges associated with combining a technology with other methods, such as the Delphi technique (which relies on anonymous rounds of voting) 15. Empirical studies have otherwise been limited to the narrow use of foresight exercises in the form of technology use and acceptance surveys and farmer 13 or public opinion surveys 14 using online questionnaires and short interviews. Very little empirical anticipatory work for autonomous robots in farming has included a variety of stakeholders in the process, though a recent paper by Legun and Burch 12 begins to describe a process of co-design in the context of robotic apple orchards in New Zealand. With the objective of minimizing negative, unintended outcomes 8, ‘anticipation’ involves identifying, predicting and exploring the potential short- and long-term consequences of future innovation across society and is therefore essential for the responsible development of autonomous robots. 11 provide a good overview of techniques that can be used to apply responsible innovation principles. The examples referenced herein alongside the guidance from Stilgoe et al. In the following sections we discuss how the four key components mentioned above can be operationalized to guide technology development in agriculture 11, outlining key research needs. Despite frequent calls for companies to conduct a transparent and iterative process of responsible innovation, there is a lack of commitment to, or reporting of, the steps taken in technology development in the agriculture industry. Guidance on responsible innovation - provided by funders such as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 9, InnovateUK 10 and the European Commission - encourages companies to be cognisant of their responsibility and committed to responsible research and innovation principles, by exploring the challenges that could arise from innovation and acting on their findings in a transparent, inclusive and timely manner. Enables efficient, economical and flexible unmanned production.The most widely used framework for responsible innovation was proposed by Stilgoe and colleagues 8 and involves four key components: anticipating the impacts of innovation reflecting on one’s work and adapting accordingly (reflexivity) including a wide range of stakeholders in the design process and responding to stakeholders’ concerns, ideas and knowledge by constructing appropriate institutional structures. In the automated logistics system, compared with other equipment commonly used in material transportation, the advantage of AGV is that there is no need to lay tracks, brackets and other fixtures, and it is not limited by sites, roads and space, which can fully reflect its own advantages. What are the development advantages of AGV robots?Īs one of the key equipment of modern storage system, AGV robot has the characteristics of high degree of automation, high sensitivity and safety, which greatly improves the working conditions and environment, improves the level of automatic production, can effectively liberate labor productivity and reduce the labor intensity of workers, saving manpower, material and financial resources. Therefore, mobile robotics has received extensive attention around the world. With the continuous improvement of robot performance and the rapid development of logistics and 3C industries, the application scope of AGV has also been greatly expanded, and has been widely used in industry, agriculture, transportation, medical care, services and other fields.
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